Photo Commentary: Nginx + tomcat6 configure load balancing

Dec 4 posted in Java (RSS), comments.

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Of: niumd reproduced please indicate the source

Applications developed by F5 load balancing switches, F5 forwards the request to 5 hp unix servers, each have more than one webserver instance, external provision of services and the socket interface, such as web services. The beginning, there was a little doubt that the reasons for not using open source, apache, Nginx software load, F5 hundreds of thousands of devices easily, expensive? A rather naive question yourself, follow-up to understand: F5 is the operating model in the IOS network transport layer, Nginx, apache http reverse proxy based approach, in the seventh layer ISO model application layer. TCP UDP and more straightforward is the difference between http protocol, Nginx can not be based on TCP protocol load balancing applications.

Different from the understanding between the two scenarios, a strong interest on the Nginx, reading Zhang Yan's <real Nginx> (the 85 years young and promising young man envy + jealousy), thoroughly understand the general principles and configuration, Ubuntu10 .10, window under Nginx + tomcat configuration tries to do load balancing, all requests will be forwarded to tomcat, did not do static and dynamic separation, pictures and other anti-Daolian configuration.

Nginx Introduction

Nginx (pronounced the same engine x) is a lightweight Web server / reverse proxy server and e-mail (IMAP/POP3) proxy server, and a BSD-like agreement issued. Characterized by possession of less memory, concurrent capacity, ability to do concurrent nginx fact the same type of web server performance is better. Nginx web site is currently used in mainland China users: Sina, Netease, Tencent, another well-known micro-network Chi also use Plurk nginx.

Nginx described above are all essentially nonsense, turn to the question below, graphic display with the basic configuration, the first is the window environment, followed by the Ubuntu environment (Vbox virtual). This article is based on Nginx configure two tomcat, the structure below:

Window xp environment: Nginx + Tomcat6

1, Download

http://nginx.org/en/download.html, here we recommend downloading the stable (stable versions), this paper nginx-0.8.20.

2, the directory structure

Nginx-

| _ Conf configuration directory

| _ Contrib

| _ Docs documentation directory

| _ Logs log directory

| _ Temp temporary files directory

| _ Html static pages directory

| _ Nginx.exe main

window is extremely simple to install Nginx, unzip to a directory without spaces in English can be (personal habits, worrying the Chinese problem), double-click the nginx start, where I installed: D: \ server directory, the following is also related to the tomcat installed in this directory.

DOC environment starts

If you want to stop nginx, dos environment, run the command: nginx-s stop

3, nginx.conf configuration

Nginx configuration file conf directory by default, the main configuration file for nginx.conf, we have installed in D: \ server \ nginx-0.8.20, the default master configuration file for D: \ server \ nginx-0.8.20 \ nginx.conf. The following is nginx as a front-end reverse proxy server configuration.

#Nginx  For all users and groups, window is not specified under  
#user  niumd niumd;

#  The number of child processes to work  (  Usually equal to the number of CPU or  2  Times  CPU)
worker_processes  2;

#  Error log storage path  
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#  Pid file documents specified  
pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    #  IO models use the network  linux  Suggested epoll, FreeBSD recommended  kqueue,window  Not specified under  .
    #use epoll;
    
    #  Maximum number of connections allowed  
    worker_connections  2048;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

                #  Custom Log Format  
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
    #                  '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  off;
    access_log  logs/access.log;

    client_header_timeout  3m;
    client_body_timeout    3m;
    send_timeout           3m;
 
    client_header_buffer_size    1k;
    large_client_header_buffers  4 4k;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    tcp_nodelay     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  75 20;

    include    gzip.conf;
    upstream localhost {
      #  Calculated according to the request to assign the ip that the back-end  tomcat,  Many people mistakenly believe that the problem can be solved session  ,  In fact, not  .
      #  The same machine in case of multi-network, routing switch  ,ip  May be different  
      #ip_hash; 
      server localhost:18081;
      server localhost:18080;
     }

    server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;   

            location / {
                        proxy_connect_timeout   3;
                        proxy_send_timeout      30;
                        proxy_read_timeout      30;
                        proxy_pass http://localhost;
            }
            
   }
}

Proxy settings are as follows:

proxy_redirect          off;
proxy_set_header        Host $host;
proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size    10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout   300;
proxy_send_timeout      300;
proxy_read_timeout      300;
proxy_buffer_size       4k;
proxy_buffers           4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

gzip compression related configuration is as follows:

gzip              on;
gzip_min_length      1000;
gzip_types         text/plain text/css application/x-javascript;

4, Tomcat configuration

For tomcat you are familiar with, only you can modify the server.xml configuration file, here we apache-tomcat-6.0.14, for example, were in the server directory, unzip it and name it: apache-tomcat-6.0.14_1, apache-tomcat-6.0.14_2.

The first change at the port:

<!--    Modify the port port  :18006   Tomcat can not be repeated two months  ,  Port free, too young  -->
<Server port="18006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

The second change at the port:

<!-- port="18081" tomcat  Monitor port, random set  ,  Do not be too small   -->
<Connector port="18081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="20000" 
               redirectPort="8443" />

Third Department of the port changes:

<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

Engine elements increase jvmRoute attributes:

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">

Do not repeat the two ports tomcat, guaranteed to start up, the other tomcat configuration Seagate omitted, listens on port 18080, annex, we will upload all the configuration information.

5, the test configuration and load balancing

First Test nginx configuration is correct, the test command: nginx-t (the default authentication: conf \ nginx.conf), you can specify the configuration file path.

In this case nginx installation directory: D: \ server \ nginx-0.8.20, dos environment map screen success examples:

Second authentication tomcat, start two tomcat, port conflict shall not successful (tomcat java dependencies, etc. to engage in "kicked" and is not to say nonsense);

Finally, verify the configuration load balancing settings, http://localhost/ or http://localhost/index.jsp. I changed the index.jsp page to increase the log output, easy to observe. Note: The upper left corner of kitten's head: access tomcat2, access tomcat1. That access to the different tomcat.

At this point the next window nginx + tomcat end load balancing configuration on tomcat Session of the problem is often used memcached, or to use nginx_upstream_jvm_route, he is a Nginx extension modules used to implement the Session Sticky Cookie-based features. Tomcat session is not recommended if excessive synchronization, server synchronization session between a waste of resources with each other, high-concurrency environment prone Session storm. Application according to their own session to adopt a reasonable solution.

Ubuntu10.10 Environment: Nginx + Tomcat6

Here we simply how to install and configure the next ubuntu10.10, mainly picture-based, simple explanation.

1, Download Nginx

Address: http://nginx.org/en/download.html, linux version: nginx-0.8.20.tar.. The extract command:

tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.20.tar.gz

2, compiled Nginx

Nginx rely on some other PCRE, openssl (dependent on libssl-dev), the environment I have installed Ubuntu notebooks PCRE, just install the dependencies openssl, we simply say the following PCRE, and how to install openssl, etc.

PCRE Download: ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/

tar zxvf  pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01
sudo ./configure
sodu make
sodu make install

openssl installed via apt-get install, order, screenshot as follows:

sudo apt-get install openssl
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
//  Such as lack of other packages, please use this method to install  ,ubuntu  Have to rely on tips

Dependent packages installed, the following to compile Nginx:

# Copies of the software window to the shared directory the current working directory  
cp /mnt/fileshare/nginx-0.8.20.tar.gz ./

#  Unzip Package  
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.20.tar.gz

 cd nginx-0.8.20
//  Compile source code, default  nobody,  Specify the local existing users, groups,  ,  Nginx-status feature is enabled  ,  Nginx status monitoring  .  Start debug
 sudo ./configure  --user=niumd --group=niumd --with-debug --with-http_stub_status_module 
 

sudo make 
sudo make install

Screenshot below:

Screenshot installation results are as follows:

Compile and install correctly concluded, in accordance with the above method to check under the default configuration window, and then in the default configuration to start nginx, visit http://127.0.0.1, the following diagram illustrates the success

Nginx configuration under ubuntu and under the same window, the difference in the use of the IO network model, linux is recommended to use epoll;

#Nginx  Users and groups used  
user  niumd niumd;

#  The number of child processes to work  (  Usually equal to the number of CPU or  2  Times  CPU)
worker_processes  2;

#  Error log storage path  
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#  Pid file documents specified  
pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
                #  IO models use the network  linux  Suggested epoll, FreeBSD recommended  kqueue
    use epoll;
    
    #  Maximum number of connections allowed  
    worker_connections  2048;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

                #  Custom Log Format  
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
    #                  '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  off;
    access_log  logs/access.log;

    client_header_timeout  3m;
    client_body_timeout    3m;
    send_timeout           3m;
 
    client_header_buffer_size    1k;
    large_client_header_buffers  4 4k;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush      on;
    tcp_nodelay     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  75 20;

    include    gzip.conf;
        upstream localhost {
                #ip_hash
      #ip_hash;
      server localhost:18081;
      server localhost:18080;
     }

    server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;   

            location / {
                        proxy_connect_timeout   3;
                        proxy_send_timeout      30;
                        proxy_read_timeout      30;
                proxy_pass http://localhost;
            }
            
   }
}